Back-End Web Development Mastery Hub: The Industry Foundatio

In the context of building a RESTful API with Node.js and Express, which of the following scenarios best exemplifies the principle of idempotency for a PUT request?

specifically asks about PUT requests, and the server's response to a non-existent resource (404) is a common, but not strictly required, part of idempotency for DELETE. Option D describes a non-idempotent operation (incrementing a counter) where each subsequent request changes the state of the resource. Question: When designing an Express.js API that handles sensitive user data, what is the most robust approach to prevent Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) attacks?

In an Express.js application, you are encountering issues with middleware execution order. You have middleware functions `authMiddleware` and `loggingMiddleware`. `authMiddleware` should always run before `loggingMiddleware` to ensure that only authenticated requests are logged with user details. Which of the following code structures guarantees this execution order?